Machine learning (ML)
Algorithms that generalize patterns from data to make predictions or decisions without hand-written rules for every case.
Machine learning (ML) covers methods where a model’s behavior is shaped by training data: examples, targets, rewards, not purely via explicit rule trees (symbolic AI).
Historical strands include supervised learning with labeled examples (including support vector machines and random forests), reinforcement learning rewards, unsupervised learning such as clustering, language models from Markov chain n-grams to neural word embeddings, and from the 2000s onward large-scale deep learning with neural networks.